M4: Learner Manual

A protocol is an appropriate way of behaving by respecting the customs and laws of the members being represented. Community leaders need to know and follow the protocols of their community and of those communities with which they may make contact.

Protocols will govern how information is gathered and who can share information with whom. If the information is women’s business then only women can talk about it. If the information is men’s business then only men can talk about it. Some information may only be shared with the Elders.  Leaders need to be aware of the protocols as a matter of respect, including who may be included in the consultation process.

Certain groups or individuals should be kept informed of community issues because of their standing in the community. Elders, especially, should be aware of major decisions being made about the community’s future.

Community leaders may be required to deal with a lot of different communities. While communities will share some common protocols and customs, due to the diversity of language, culture, religious beliefs, history, location and laws, these will vary. 

Addressing people correctly is very important and there are many different customs in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The use of ‘Uncle’ or ‘Aunty’ before a person’s name shows respect and infers seniority. In the Torres Strait it is sometimes not appropriate to refer to a brother’s wife by name. In some Aboriginal communities a man cannot speak directly to or sit next to his wife’s mother. At times it can be inappropriate to mention the name of a person’s totem.  

There are no set rules for relating with every Aboriginal community. Every community will have its own unique way of consulting and negotiating. This means in most cases, it is wise to find out the proper ways of consulting and communicating with each community.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples maintain extensive community networks across Australia. It is respectful practice to draw on these networks through family, friends and trusted contact, to learn about a community and seek guidance from those who have established relationships or experience engaging there.

If you are external to a community that you need to consult with, before travelling to a community, you should make efforts to identify the appropriate local contact person, cultural authority or organisation to speak with. Making contact in advance to introduce yourself, explain your role, outline your purpose for visiting and request guidance on local protocols is essential. Where appropriate, arranging an informal introductory meeting supports transparency, builds trust and ensures that your work aligns with community expectations and culturally respectful engagement practices.