M1 - Learner Manual

7.16. Informing Facilitation Skills

PROVIDING INFORMATION

            Presenting facts, resources, knowledge, theories, or data

One of the basic tools of group facilitation is providing the group with pertinent information that they do not already have. This information might include facts, resources, knowledge, theories, or data. However, this skill may not be as easy as it seems. A facilitator needs to make sure that they understand what information is necessary before jumping in with answers. Knowing something is only the first step in being able to teach it. 

Providing information puts the leader in an authoritative role that may detract from positive group dynamics or interactions. In addition, when leaders become less confident with their repertoire of diverse skills, providing information tends to be a fallback position. Facilitators need to be aware that providing information is one of many skills and should not be overused.

GATHERING INFORMATION AND EXCHANGING KNOWLEDGE

Asking questions, gathering data, surveying ideas, and encouraging the exchange of information

A facilitator often needs to collect information from the group participants. A group leader may assume that they know more than other group members.  Although this assumption often is correct, it may not always be helpful. The group may benefit if the leader looks to the group first to tap its collective wisdom. 

After gathering information, the facilitator may want to fill in the gaps with their own knowledge. Gathering information allows the facilitator to build group knowledge and to discover new ideas that they may not have considered. Encouraging group members to teach what they know is an important strategy to foster the exchange of knowledge between members.

CLARIFYING IDEAS OR CONCEPTS

            Making sure everyone is on the same wavelength

Clarifying ideas or concepts involves making sure that there is a common understanding within the group. Complete agreement may not be necessary, but as a group shares information and chooses a direction, the facilitator must confirm that all the group members understand what is being said or agreed on—that everyone is “on the same page.” 

CONCEPTUALIZING THE GROUP’S EXPERIENCE

Using outside formal concepts to describe what’s going on in a group

Being a facilitator sometimes involves using formal concepts to describe group processes as a way for the group to reflect on itself. Sharing models, theories, or other knowledge can sometimes help a group to understand itself, resolve problems, and make progress. 

Conceptualizing brings the group’s attention back to the leader. Therefore, a facilitator should carefully observe the group before addressing the group’s experience with outside knowledge. If a group leader can introduce theories, models, or strategies in a thoughtful way, this information can help move the group toward a higher level of understanding and performance.

PROVIDING FEEDBACK BASED ON OBSERVATIONS OF GROUP PROCESS

Sharing personal perceptions about group dynamics in order to facilitate awareness and change

Sometimes it is important for the facilitator to monitor group dynamics and inform the group about itself. One way that this can occur is for a group leader to provide feedback based on observations of group process. Group process refers to patterns of behaviour that occur in groups. For example, one member may dominate discussions, two factions may conflict, or the group may get distracted by trivial concerns. When a facilitator observes these (or other) group dynamics, they may find it helpful to share what they perceive in order to facilitate awareness and change.